Information technology and social cohesion : a tale of two villages

Acknowledgements This research was made possible by a grant from the EPSRC “Dot.Rural Digital Economy Hub” (EP/G066051/1) at the University of Aberdeen and EPSRC Communities and Culture Network+ (EP/K003585/1).Peer reviewedPostprin

Witches Dance : Fantasie after Paganini

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Optimizing multi-dimensional terahertz imaging analysis for colon cancer diagnosis

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Home, Sweet Home

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Modeling a century of citation distributions

The prevalence of uncited papers or of highly cited papers, with respect to the bulk of publications, provides important clues as to the dynamics of scientific research. Using 25 million papers and 600 million references from the Web of Science over the 1900–2006 period, this paper proposes a simple model based on a random selection process to explain the “uncitedness” phenomenon and its decline over the years. We show that the proportion of cited papers is a function of (1) the number of articles available (the competing papers), (2) the number of citing papers and (3) the number of references they contain. Using uncitedness as a departure point, we demonstrate the utility of the stretched-exponential function and a form of the Tsallis q-exponential function to fit complete citation distributions over the 20th century. As opposed to simple power-law fits, for instance, both these approaches are shown to be empirically well-grounded and robust enough to better understand citation dynamics at the aggregate level. On the basis of these models, we provide quantitative evidence and provisional explanations for an important shift in citation practices around 1960. We also propose a revision of the “citation classic” category as a set of articles which is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the field

Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid Usage in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients

Background: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) usage to reduce blood loss in surgeries in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). We want to assess the potential benefits, risks, and complications involved in the usage of TXA in this pediatric orthopedic population. Significance of Problem: Due to increased fracture burden and bone deformity caused by OI, patients tend to have numerous operations throughout their life. In addition to these skeletal manifestations, there is a potential increase in susceptibility to bleeding due to the increased frequency of orthopedic procedures. Increased blood loss during orthopedic procedures warrants investigation into potential ways to mitigate any risk of excessive intraoperative blood loss. Hypothesis, Problem, or Question: Our hypothesis is that there will be a reduction in intraoperative blood loss and perioperative transfusion rate between OI patients that received TXA intraoperatively during femoral rodding procedures versus those who did not receive the intervention. Experimental Design: TXA-receiving patients (cases) were matched 1:1 with non-TXA receiving controls on the following criteria: age within 2 years, bone category, and OI Type. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Fisher’s Exact Test was performed to compare transfusion status between groups. A Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was performed to assess differences between the groups in days of stay, length of surgery, and EBL. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4. P \u3c0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results/Data: Our TXA-receiving population of 30 patients consisted of 11 females and 19 males. 1 patient was OI type I, 13 were OI type III, 14 were OI type IV, and 2 were categorized as other (not one of the four most common types). We found a significant difference in transfusion status (p = 0.02), with no TXA patients requiring a transfusion compared to 20% of the control cases. There is also a significant difference in median EBL (p = 0.0004) between groups, with TXA patients having a lower intraoperative EBL (20 mL versus 62.5 mL). There was also a difference in median days of post-operative stay between TXA receiving and non-TXA receiving patients (p = 0.001; 2.6 days versus 4 days). Conclusions: Our study concluded that the use of TXA in this patient population is associated with a lower rate of perioperative transfusions and intraoperative blood loss. These results support the standard usage of TXA in these patients to reduce intraoperative blood loss.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/chri_forum/1045/thumbnail.jp